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Serving country partners in Eastern Africa Region: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda

Resource Room & Links

This section of the web site contains a number of useful documents for consultants and country partners involved in HIV and AIDS programming. Choose from the following headings to see summarized contents of documents and to follow download links:

General Material

Enhancing Organizational Performance:  A toolbox for self-assessment.  (IDRC, 1999).  From the introduction: "This guidebook presents an innovative and thoroughly tested model for organizational self-assessment. The tools and tips in Enhancing Organizational Performance go beyond measuring the impact of programs, products, and services. They integrate techniques of formative assessment, in which the assessment team becomes involved in helping its organization become more effective in meeting its goals. The tools and techniques are flexible, and the model can be adapted to any type or size of organization. Worksheets and hands-on exercises are included."
http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-9370-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html.

Evaluating Capacity Development: Experiences from Research  and Development Organizations around the World (ISNAR/IDRC/CTA, 2003).  From the preface:  "The perspective that informs this important book is that every evaluation of a capacity development effort should itself contribute to the capacity development effort and ultimately to the organization's performance. This is a revolutionary idea in evaluation. With the idea have come the questions: Can it be done? And, if it is done, what will be the consequences?  This book elucidates and deepens the idea, shows it can be done, and examines the consequences, both intended and unintended, of engaging in capacity development evaluation."
http://www.isnar.cgiar.org/publications/ecd-book.htm.

iTrainOnline. iTrainOnline is a joint initiative of seven organizations with exceptional expertise in computer and Internet training in the South.  Materials and annotated links to high-quality resources in English, Spanish, French and other languages, on topics ranging from computer and Internet basics to highly technical areas and the ways that civil society and development organizations can increase their impact using these tools.  Includes general resources for trainers such as facilitation tips, and writing training objectives.
http://www.itrainonline.org/.

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Training Resources

Training Works! This handbook will be useful to anyone who has a role in the management, design, delivery, or evaluation of group-based training (for healthcare professionals). JHPIEGO focuses on using training to develop capacities of healthcare professionals in developing countries, but many of the standards discussed in the handbook also apply to other types of training, such as on-the-job training, distance learning courses, and computer-assisted learning. The handbook summarizes the tasks that should be completed at each stage of training to ensure an effective training course. You may be a project manager, an instructional designer, a clinical trainer, an evaluation specialist, or a trainer who "does it all." Or, you simply may be interested in knowing more about training to help you make program decisions or participate in stakeholder meetings.
http://www.reproline.jhu.edu/english/6read/6training/Tngworks/index.htm

Complete Guidelines to Design Your Training Plan. An overview of elements of desigining a training plan. These include: determining overall goals in training, determining learning objectives and activities, developing any materials you may need, planning implementation of your training plan and follow up after completion of your plan, among other topics.
http://www.mapnp.org/library/trng_dev/gen_plan.htm

How to run a workshop.  So you have decided to organise a workshop. This manual guides you through the decision-making and action:  Planning the Workshop Content, Planning the administration, Facilitating and running the workshop, Planning your own workshop. http://www.networklearning.org/index.php?option=com_docman&Itemid=52

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Non-governmental organizations and strategic networks

A Facilitator's Guide to Participatory Workshops with NGOs/CBOs Responding to HIV/AIDS: This guide (available in English, French and Spanish) aims to support people who facilitate participatory workshops with non- governmental organisations (NGOs) and community-based organisations (CBOs) responding to HIV/AIDS in developing countries.
http://www.aidsalliance.org/sw7455.asp

International HIV/AIDS Alliance's HIV/AIDS NGO/CBO Support Toolkit: The HIV/AIDS NGO/CBO Support Toolkit brings together resources for people who are establishing, managing or studying such HIV/AIDS NGO/CBO support programmes. While the toolkit is primarily designed for those establishing or improving programmes that aim to deliver both funding and technical support to local NGOs and CBOs, many of its resources will also be of interest to organisations that provide only funding or only training.
http://www.ngosupport.net/

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Guidelines on ethical reporting of HIV and AIDS

Nine principles for ethical writing on AIDS :  http://www.journaids.org/ethics.php
The Southern African Editors Forum agreed in May 2005 to nine principles to guide media councils, training institutions, media companies, individual editors and journalists in reporting ethically on HIV and AIDS. The nine principles cover the following areas:

The nine principles were adopted during a two-day workshop that brought together the Editors and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). SADC briefed the editors on their HIV and AIDS programmes and the two organizations explored ways in which their relationship could be strengthened. The workshop was sponsored by the SADC/DFID Project on HIV and AIDS with technical support from the UNAIDS Regional Support Team for Eastern and Southern Africa. For more information contact Rosemary Romano, Academy for Educational Development (AED) at rromano@aed.org, or Richard Delate, UNAIDS at delater@unaids.org.

UNAIDS Terminology Guide: 
http://data.unaids.org/pub//InformationNote/2006/EditorsNotes_en.pdf

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TSF Priority Areas (resources for partners)

National strategic planning and management

Guide to the Strategic Planning Process (Introduction + Modules 1 - 4) (UNAIDS, 1998). This four-module guide can be used by countries to undertake strategic HIV/AIDS planning. The UNAIDS guidelines aim to introduce the main concepts of strategic planning, remaining flexible enough so that they can be adaptable for planning at a national level in the different regions and can serve as a practical assistant for planners at a district or community level. The core Strategic Planning Guide consists of four modules, each handling one dimension of the strategic planning process: the situation analysis, the response analysis, the strategic plan formulation, and the resource mobilization. In five parts:

Supporting National HIV/AIDS Responses: an Implementation Approach (UNDP, 2004) This handbook is primarily intended for use by National HIV/AIDS coordination and management bodies responsible for strategic planning and the management of national HIV/AIDS responses. It introduces the innovative transformative methodologies aimed at promoting a deeper understanding of the complexity of the epidemic, in order to ignite hope, foster transformation and produce results. Effective strategic planning is also emphasized, as a means of ensuring that adequate support is given, so as to give rise to the seamless planning, implementation, evaluation and assessment of national responses.
http://www.undp.org/hiv/docs/alldocs/Supporting National HIV-AIDS Responses - An Implementation Approach (2004).pdf

Considering HIV/AIDS in Development Assistance: A Toolkit: This toolkit has been prepared to assist staff of the Commission of the European Communities and Consultants in considering the implications of the HIV epidemic in the provision of development assistance. Only the appropriate tools need be used at the appropriate time. The 5 items in the toolkit are: (1) An Introduction to HIV/AIDS; ( 2) Assessing the National Importance of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic; (3) A Sectoral Checklist for three sectors, namely (a) infrastructure (transport), (b) education, and (c) rural development; (4) Guidelines for Including HIV/AIDS in Project Cycle Management; and (5)Including HIV/AIDS in Consultants' Terms of Reference.
http://www.worldbank.org/aidsecon/toolkit/

Synergy Project: HIV/AIDS Programming Toolkit Website and CD-ROM: The Synergy APDIME Toolkit is a resource to support programme designers and managers in HIV/AIDS prevention, care and support programming in the developing world. It is a window through which you can learn about programme outcomes, training guides and research findings. It contains five modules covering Assessment, Planning, Design, Implementation Monitoring, and Evaluation.
http://www.synergyaids.com/apdime/index.htm

Behavioral Surveillance Surveys: Guidelines for Repeated Behavioral Surveys in Populations at Risk of HIV  The report is a 350-page resource for assessing the extent of the HIV epidemic in particular regions or countries and among particular populations.  Available in English, Spanish, French and Russian.
http://www.fhi.org/en/HIVAIDS/pub/guide/bssguidelines.htm

HIV/AIDS Prevention  and Care in Resource-Constrained Settings: A Handbook for the Design and Management of Programs
This 28-chapter handbook from Family Health International offers state-of-the-art knowledge on designing and managing HIV/AIDS programs; reducing risk and vulnerability to HIV infection; strengthening STD management and services; reducing risk of HIV infection to infants; reducing risk of parental transmission; management and support of people infected and affected by HIV/AIDS; and prospects for the future. It is intended to be used by program managers, technical and programmatic field staff; staff of donor and international partner agencies; health care providers; and field researchers.
http://www.fhi.org/en/HIVAIDS/pub/guide/HIVAIDSPreventionCare.htm

Definition of resource gaps

The increase in funding to support countries in the fight against HIV and AIDS has underlined the opportunities that the injection of major new resources presents to countries. At the same time, it has drawn attention to key challenges and gaps in HIV/AIDS planning and implementation. These relate to three inter-related considerations that must be factored into HIV/AIDS strategic planning processes. They are: 1) definition of resource gaps; 2) the costing and budgeting of plans; and 3) the strategic allocation of resources. The UNAIDS Global Resource Tracking Consortium provides a platform to support national and regional efforts to track resources for HIV/AIDS with a wide international participation of stakeholders and partners.

Many countries have not yet developed a continuous information system to monitor and evaluate the current availability of resources and its use. In general, countries lack information on the financing flows to or within the countries, the sources, their exact amounts and utilization according to the activities funded, providers used, co-financing structure and beneficiaries. This paucity of data constitutes a challenge to each of the "Three Ones" principles, but defining resource gaps is an important step in developing an updated and dynamic strategic framework.

However, the definition of the gap is not simply the difference of total needs minus resources available. In some contexts, the available resources are not necessarily targeted to address the needs efficiently, thus resulting in an implementation gap. The implementation gap should include the resources that are currently being used for inefficient or even not recommended activities. For example, in some countries, or regions within countries, significant resources are still being used for pre-marital testing or for employment purposes. These activities do not constitute an internationally accepted "need" but utilize significant resources. Additionally, if bilateral or multilateral organizations, private foundations or philanthropic organizations fund activities that may not fit the needs for a given country, or the resources do not reach the field by being made available to national managers, these resources are not usually included in the availability estimation, but rather as donor-related needs. There are several tools for resource tracking, generically known as AIDS National Spending Assessments:

National Spending Assessments are essential to estimate the lower end of the resource gap. Additional work is needed to build national capacity to track and analyze HIV budgets as well as the actual expenditures. The challenge facing many countries in tracking spending by external sources also underscores the importance of donor coordination with national authorities.

Costing

It is essential to know the costs of different strategies to be able to set public policy priorities in the fight against AIDS. The strategic planning process can not end prior to its costing. Costing of the national action framework provides managers and decision-makers with an estimate, albeit a rough one, of the financial resources needed for implementing a desired package of activities over a defined period. However, because of the inherent difficulties in costing, well-costed plans are the exception rather than the rule. Yet, a national plan that is also well-costed can serve as a powerful advocacy and resource mobilization tool. Costing should indeed be an integral part of a strategic planning process as it provides the kind of objective quantification that managers need to define priorities and, specifically, to decide on the relative distribution and use of available resources.

Methods and Models:  Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for HIV Prevention
This is the archive of an online discussion held by the International AIDS Economics Network (IAEN).  The website contains the initial discussion questions, summaries of participant contributions, and references to additional readings and tools.  Topics covered include costing HIV prevention strategies,  measuring outcome and impact, using models to estimate number of HIV infections averted, and the role of cost-effectiveness in resource allocation and priority-setting.  The IAEN homepage also contains a wide variety of resources on impact modelling, costing and resource allocation.  http://www.iaen.org.  Check this site for future learning opportunities available from the IAEN, such as the above-mentioned online discussion.
http://www.iaen.org/costs/index.htm

Strategic allocation of resources

Much of the national strategic planning process supported by, among others, the UN system is largely guided by needs identification, resulting in plans that, often, are budgeted without taking into account the level of available resources or what is likely to be available in the short to medium term. Plans may thus be budgeted unrealistically (even if the costing of activity ‘units' is realistic). At the same time, the nature and source of funding for most national HIV/AIDS plans is such that the needs are always greater than the means, but new or additional resources often do become available, albeit unpredictably. Hence it is imperative to develop capacity in countries to allocate resources strategically as and when they become available. The strategic allocation of resources is about the ability to distribute or allocate resources rationally or in a way that achieves a set of objectives (such as a strategic plan might spell out) most effectively. Another approach is to explicitly define the criteria to select which activities are to be developed on the basis of the epidemiology and the maximum level of results obtained. Usually, there is need to use economic models to select the package that maximises results. The results from economic models should inform the policy making process, but must not substitute completely other kinds of considerations, e.g. human rights.

Monitoring and Evaluation

Monitoring the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS: Guidelines on construction of core indicators. (UNAIDS, July 2005). Replaces the version from August 2002.  The guidelines aim to provide National AIDS Councils (or equivalent) with technical guidance on how to measure the revised list of core indicators for the implementation of the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS, in order to maximize the validity, internal consistency and comparability across countries and over time of the indicator estimates obtained.  Contains a complete bibliography of additional M&E guides.
http://data.unaids.org/Publications/IRC-pub06/JC1126-ConstrCoreIndic-UNGASS_en.pdf?preview=true

Monitoring and evaluation toolkit: HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria (June 2004). The purpose of the toolkit is to provide in one place the "essentials" of agreed upon best practice in M&E by applying a common framework for the three diseases and providing users with references to key materials and resources. It provides a selection of standard indicators, general M&E concepts, and technical information regarding each indicator.
http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/me/me_toolkit2004/en/

National AIDS Councils (NACs) Monitoring and Evaluation Operations Manual (UNAIDS, August 2002).  A manual that introduces key concepts, and provides examples of procedures, checklists, timelines, costs and other tools for the development of and overall M&E system based on the NSP.  http://data.unaids.org/Publications/IRC-pub02/JC808-MonEval_en.pdf?preview=true

See also the World Health Organization's HIV/AIDS publications page for a series of monitoring and evaluation manuals on specific topics:

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Thematic Areas

This section includes key HIV/AIDS learning resources on a number of topics pertinent to country responses that can be used in training workshops or other learning events.  The resources included are not comprehensive and are new resources are constantly being developed inside and outside the UN system. They may or may not match the additional regional thematic areas that have been identified for your TSF.  A full array of HIV/AIDS resources, many of which can be used for learning activities, is available from the UNAIDS website.

Advocacy/Communication

Advocacy Guide to the Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS.  The International Council of AIDS Service Organizations(ICASO) has prepared an Advocacy Guide to assist in using the Declaration to enhance the response to HIV/AIDS. Available in English, French and Spanish.
http://www.icaso.org/ungass/advguidedectncomit.htm
or email icaso@icaso.org for a Word version.

Behavior Change Through Mass Communication: The handbook provides suggestions and examples for: * Assessing the STD beliefs, concerns and practices of clients and community members; * Expanding the role of behavior change activities; * Providing the education and skills training that STD clients need for behavior change; * Training health workers in the communication aspects of the prevention and management of STDs; * Involving the community; * Using the stages of behavior change to develop appropriate messages.
http://www.fhi.org/en/HIVAIDS/Publications/manualsguidebooks/BCC+Handbooks/Behavior+Change+Through+Mass+Communication.htm

HIV/AIDS ToolKit: Building Political Commitment for Effective HIV/AIDS Policies and Programs: The toolkit contains five modules to assist activists interested in increasing political commitment for effective HIV/AIDS policies and programs.
http://www.policyproject.com/pubs/toolkit.cfm

How to Create an Effective Communication Project: This handbook will guide you through the development of behavior change communication (BCC) projects using a strategy developed by the AIDS Control and Prevention (AIDSCAP) Project of Family Health International.
http://www.fhi.org/en/HIVAIDS/pub/guide/BCC+Handbooks/effectivecommunication.htm

Policy and Advocacy in HIV/AIDS Prevention: This handbook from Family Health International provides suggestions for getting involved in policy development. It is written for program managers and policy advocates and others who are interested in advocacy work and in the policy aspects of HIV/AIDS prevention.
http://www.fhi.org/en/HIVAIDS/Publications/manualsguidebooks/BCC+Handbooks/Policy+and+Advocacy+in+HIV-AIDS+Prevention.htm

South East Asia: HIV/AIDS Lessons Learnt from IEC Programme Experiences
Countries in South-East Asia can benefit from the experiences gained within as well as outside the Region. Leaming from others allows programme managers to initiate more effective strategies and communication approaches to assist behavioural change. Such lessons illustrate the importance of selecting appropriate communication approaches, of targeting education and of integrating IEC with health and social services.   http://www.searo.who.int/en/Section10/Section18/Section356.htm

Agricultural/Rural Development/Food Security

HIV/AIDS and Food Security: FAO recognizes the urgent need for action to be able to respond effectively to the impacts of HIV/AIDS on food security and rural livelihoods and is currently developing a comprehensive HIV/AIDS strategy for the agriculture sector. Their website features reference documents, updated facts and figures and links to relevant information resources related to HIV/AIDS and Food Security.
http://www.fao.org/hivaids

Children and Young People, Including Orphans

World Bank: Child Needs Assessment (CNA) Tool Kit: The CNA Tool Kit provides organizations working in communities impacted by the HIV/AIDS epidemic a methodology, questionnaire and software for assessing the needs of young children. These reports can be used to help design service programs, secure funding, and monitor and evaluate programs specifically targeting the needs of young children and their families in AIDS-impacted areas.
http://www.worldbank.org/children/cnahome.html

Rights of Children  Infected by HIV/AIDS: The four training modules aim to: Raise awareness of the rights of children and young people, particularly as they relate to HIV/AIDS; Develop an understanding of the ways in which children's and young people's rights are abused in the context of HIV and AIDS; Enhance the capacity of children and youths, their care givers and service providers to recognise and realise these rights and to respond to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in a rights-based manner.
http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/scuk/jsp/resources/details.jsp?id=1600&group=resources&section=policy&subsection=details&pagelang=en

Women, Children and HIV: Resources for Prevention and Treatment: A free CD ROM containing over 5,000 pages of text related to prevention, diagnosis, treatment and care of HIV infected women and children. Designed for ease of use for those who are seeking to establish, or have established, programs for women and children with HIV. Included are sample model brochures and healthcare training instructions.
http://www.globalstrategies.org/resources/guidelines.html

Orphans and vulnerable children: Building Blocks: Africa-wide briefing notes
This is a set of locally adaptable resources on support for children orphaned and made vulnerable by HIV and AIDS. These resources are based on the experience of the AIDS Alliance, its partners and other organisations and have been produced in English, Portuguese and French. They cover the following topics: Overview, Education, Health and Nutrition, Economic strengthening, Psychosocial support, Social inclusion.
http://www.aidsalliance.org/sw9170.asp

Children's participation in HIV/AIDS programming
This occasional Newsletter explores some of the challenges to children's participation and describes how organisations have made their children's programmes more participatory.
http://www.aidsalliance.org/sw7470.asp

The Linkages Project. List of documents related to HIV and infant feeding
http://www.linkagesproject.org/publications/index.php

A Parrot on your shoulder - a guide for people starting to work with orphans and vulnerable children.
A parrot on your shoulder is one of a series of resources that the International HIV/AIDS Alliance is developing to encourage participation in practice. It seeks to support individuals and organisations working with orphans and other vulnerable children living in a world with HIV/AIDS. It provides advice on children's participation, as well 30 detailed examples for activities aimed at engaging children actively in discussions. The guide includes activities for:

This guide is aimed at facilitators, trainers, NGOs and CBOs who are starting to work with children
http://www.aidsalliance.org/sw7467.asp

Learning to Live: Monitoring and evaluating HIV/AIDS programmes for young people:
This Handbook was developed by Save the Children Fund UK. "Learning to Live" is a practical guide to developing, monitoring and evaluating practice in HIV/AIDS-related programmes for young people, based on the experiences of projects around the world. It focuses on recent learning from work with young people in: peer education; school-based education; clinic-based service delivery; reaching especially vulnerable children; and working with children affected by HIV/AIDS. Examples of good practice are included throughout.  Available in Portuguese and English.
http://www.savethechildren.org.uk/scuk/jsp/resources/details.jsp?id=362&group=resources&section=publication&subsection=details

Preventing HIV/AIDS among Adolescents through Integrated Communication Programming: This manual focuses on HIV prevention among adolescents through integrated communication programming that blends advocacy, behaviour change communication and education interventions. UNFPA, 2003.
http://www.unfpa.org/upload/lib_pub_file/224_filename_hiv_adolescents02.pdf

At The Crossroads: Accelerating Youth Access to HIV/AIDS Interventions
This publication, published by UNFPA on behalf of the UNAIDS Interagency Task Team on Young People and HIV/AIDS, highlights the ways in which young people remain at the centre of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Noting that many young people are at high risk of HIV infection, the publication documents how they lack access to critical youth-friendly information, skills and services for the prevention, treatment and care of HIV and AIDS. The publication concludes with recommended actions to support the substantial evidence that exists that prevention interventions targeting young people could significantly help curtail the AIDS epidemic. UNFPA, 2004.
http://www.unfpa.org/upload/lib_pub_file/316_filename_UNFPA_Crossroads.pdf

Education

Education and HIV/AIDS: A Sourcebook of HIV/AIDS Prevention Programmes: This Sourcebook aims to support countries' efforts to strengthen the role of the education sector in the prevention of HIV/AIDS. The Sourcebook, which is meant to fill an important gap in information on programming within the education sector, provides concise summaries of programs selected by national experts. All the programs were benchmarked against criteria that the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) Inter-Agency Task Team (IATT) for Education considers to be sound programming practice. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, 2003. In English (pdf format, 396 pages).
http://www.schoolsandhealth.org/Sourcebook/sourcebook-complete.pdf
To view the Sourcebook in French, go to:
http://www.schoolsandhealth.org/Sourcebook/sourcebook%20intro.htm

UNESCO: Education for the Prevention of Drug Abuse and HIV/AIDS: This site, if English, French and Spanish, includes a number of resources for the planning, implementation and evaluation of HIV/AIDS programmes in schools. It is a valuable learning resource, including "best practices" for education planners.
http://www.unesco.org/education/educprog/pead/

AIDS: The Right to know: This short 23-minute film on HIV/AIDS in SEA Region developed in 1995 by WHO/SEARO can be used to sensitize policy makers, curriculum framers, teachers, administrators and parents on the value and need of school AIDS education. It contains testimonials and voice-overs from policy makers, national programme managers and students.  Can be ordered from WHO-Regional Office for South-East Asia: World Health House, Indraprastha Estate, Mahatama Gandhi Marg, New Delhi 110 002, India.  See their publications page for more details and other HIV/AIDS publications.
http://w3.whosea.org/en/Section10/Section18/Section356.htm

UNESCO IIEP:  Focus on HIV/AIDS and Education:  This website contains a wealth of resources related to HIV/AIDS and the education sector, including training modules concerning public sector capacity for education management in a world with AIDS.
http://www.unesco.org/iiep/eng/focus/hiv/hiv_4.htm
Also of interest is the UNESCO portal "HIV/AIDS Impact on Education Clearinghouse":
http://hivaidsclearinghouse.unesco.org./

Women and Gender

GENDER-AIDS Network: The global email network on Gender and HIV/AIDS: GENDER-AIDS is a free service focused on gender and HIV/AIDS. GENDER-AIDS provides a virtual meeting place for organizations and people to network, share experiences and ask for advice on issues related to gender and HIV/AIDS. It facilitates linkages and information sharing between groups of people living with HIV/AIDS, women's organizations and other organizations working in the area of gender and HIV/AIDS. It provides a searchable archive of postings since 1997 covering issues such as the female condom, gender, sexuality, microbicides, violence, gender-related research and advocacy, mother-to-child transmission, reproductive rights, women's vulnerability etc.
http://www.genderandaids.org/modules.php?name=Mailing_List

Gender, HIV and Human Rights: A Training Manual: This manual aims to help trainers enhance their understanding about the gender dimensions of HIV/AIDS, so that they can then effectively influence a critical mass of change makers in their "spheres of influence" to undertake appropriate responses to the challenges being posed by the epidemic. Available in English, French and Spanish.
http://hivaidsclearinghouse.unesco.org/ev_en.php?ID=1953_201&ID2=DO_TOPIC

Through a Gender Lens: Resources for Population, Health and Nutrition Projects This paper reviews existing models and methodologies for incorporating a gender perspective into U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) development initiatives. Its purpose is to make preliminary recommendations and to initiate discussion among those working in the Population, Health and Nutrition (PHN) sector about their specific gender needs and how best to adapt current models and methodologies to meet them. The paper illustrates the key ideas necessary for understanding how gender might affect PHN projects and leads the reader to key documents that may be most useful and most relevant to PHN work.
http://www.fhi.org/en/rh/pubs/wsp/genderlens.htm

Care of Women with HIV: Living in Limited Resource Settings: JHPIEGO Corporation (an affiliate of Johns Hopkins University) is working with the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) and USAID to develop training and education programs in limited-resource settings on the Care of Women with HIV. The first product of this collaboration is a series of tutorials designed to provide technical knowledge needed to provide high quality healthcare services to women with HIV/AIDS.
http://www.reproline.jhu.edu/english/5tools/5tutorials/tutorial_toc.htm

Health & Development Networks (HDN)
HDN has substantial experience in managing and moderating electronic discussion forums and providing communication support to conferences. The mission of HDN is to mobilize a more effective response to HIV/AIDS and other health-and-development-related issues by improving information, communication and the quality of debate. HDN hosts Gender-AIDS list.
http://www.hdnet.org/home.asp

Women:  Meeting the challenge of HIV and AIDS:  This short brochure by UNFPA, UNAIDS, and UNIFEM can be used as an introduction to the main issues relative to women and a rights-based approach to combating HIV/AIDS.  It suggests the way forward in areas such as prevention, access to care, and employment.
http://www.unfpa.org/hiv/docs/women-aids.pdf

Women, Children and HIV: Resources for Prevention and Treatment
This site contains a library of practically applicable materials on HIV infection in women and children including resources on prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT), infant feeding, clinical care of women and children living with HIV infection, and the support of orphans. The goal of this site is to contribute to an improvement in the scale and quality of international HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and treatment programs for women and children by increasing access to authoritative HIV/AIDS information.
http://www.womenchildrenhiv.org/wchiv?page=home-00-00

International Community of Women with HIV/AIDS. http://www.icw.org

Integrating Gender into HIV/AIDS Programmes, A Review Paper, (World Health Organization, 2003).  Provides background and a suggested framework for considering the issues and challenges of integrating gender into programmatic and policy action.
http://www.who.int/entity/gender/hiv_aids/en/Integrating%5B258KB%5D.pdf

Health sector reform

WHO: HIV/AIDS Topics: Based on knowledge that has been gained from two decades of responding to HIV/AIDS, WHO has compiled a list of key areas for HIV/AIDS programming in the health sector. Recommended interventions provided in this list are considered essential and have proven highly effective in curbing the HIV epidemic in many settings. The site is a good orientation site on health issues for HIV/AIDS.
http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/en/

WHO publications on HIV/AIDS: Publications related to HIV/AIDS from WHO are available on Advocacy and Policy, Mother-to-Child Transmission, Prevention and Care, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Strategic Information and Testing and Counselling.
http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/en/

Safe Blood and Blood Products: Distance Learning Materials: This set of five spiral-bound manuals offers a method for rapidly improving the knowledge and technical skills of staff working in blood transfusion services in developing countries. The objective is to provide access to training for staff who have limited opportunities to attend conventional training courses. http:/www.who.int/dsa/cat98/blood8.htm%23Safe%2520Blood 

Nutrition and HIV/AIDS
ProNut-HIV, an electronic forum, aims to share up-to-date information, knowledge and experiences on nutrition and HIV/AIDS. Discussion groups deal with, for example, how to enhance positive living through proper nutrition care and support by promoting a constructive dialogue between people living with HIV, front line workers, researchers, HIV/AIDS specialists and policy makers. To maintain a high-quality and lively interaction, expert moderators in HIV/AIDS and Nutrition facilitate the discussion. You may subscribe to the ProNut-HIV electronic conference by filling out the form at the website noted below.
http://www.pronutrition.org/subscribe-hiv.php

Health & Development Networks (HDN).  HDN has substantial experience in managing and moderating electronic discussion forums and providing communication support to conferences. The mission of HDN is to mobilize a more effective response to HIV/AIDS and other health-and-development-related issues by improving information, communication and the quality of debate. HDN hosts ProCAARE to ensure that health professionals in the developing world can communicate and exchange information on HIV/AIDS with colleagues around the world.
http://www.hdnet.org/home2.htm

Injecting drug use

Key strategy and policy documents

Tools and guides

All the above mentioned tools along with useful tools developed by other organizations are to be part of a comprehensive injecting drug use and HIV toolkit. This will be available in interactive CD-ROM and Internet formats.
For further information contact:
Dr. Monica Beg, Technical Officer,
Department of HIV/AIDS, Prevention Unit
World Health Organization
Phone: +41 22 791 4217
Fax: +41 22 791 4834
Web: http://www.who.int/hiv/en

Men who have sex with men

An Introduction to Promoting Sexual Health for Men Who Have Sex with Men and Gay Men - A Training Manual: (Published in India in collaboration with the Naz Foundation - India Trust, November 2001)
This manual provides training modules on issues related to the sexuality and sexual health of men who have sex with men (MSM) and gay men. It is intended for NGOs and CBOs in South Asia.
http://www.aidsalliance.org/sw7370.asp

Working with men, responding to - AIDS Gender, sexuality and HIV - A case study collection. 
The AIDS Alliance has produced this case study collection in order to help projects to conduct work with men on HIV/AIDS. It presents experiences and lessons from a range of different projects (some supported by the Alliance and some not) that are working with men. By showcasing experiences and lessons from the field in the form of case studies, this collection offers inspiration, ideas and models for working with different kinds of men in a range of contexts.
http://www.aidsalliance.org/sw7365.asp

Migrants and mobile populations

UNESCO: Migration and AIDS website.
http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=23467&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

FHI: HIV Prevention in Mobile Populations:
A fact sheet, with references to other sources.  http://www.fhi.org/en/HIVAIDS/pub/fact/mobilepop.htm

IOM Report:  HIV/AIDS and Mobile Populations in the Caribbean:
http://www.iom.int/documents/publication/en/hiv%5Fbaseline%5Fassessment%5Feng.pdf

IOM Factsheet on HIV and Mobile Populations:
http://www.iom.int/documents/publication/en/iom%5Fhiv%5Fbrochure%5Fjuly%5F2004.pdf

Mother to child transmission

Testing and Counselling for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV : Support Tools (WHO, 2006).
The TC for PMTCT Support Tools facilitate the integration and delivery of essential PMTCT messages in antenatal care, labor and delivery and post-delivery facilities in resource-constrained settings. The flipcharts, client brochures, wall charts and reference guide can be adapted to include national policies and protocols and to reflect local culture and referral services.  http://www.womenchildrenhiv.org/wchiv?page=vc-10-00

Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMCT) Training Curriculum:
The Kenya PMCT Project, in partnership with Horizons/Population Council, UNICEF, and the Regional AIDS Training Network and with financial support from USAID, has developed a training manual for health providers on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. The course is an integrated approach to PMCT in the mother and child health care setting. The curriculum consists of five training modules.
http://www.popcouncil.org/horizons/pmcttc.html

Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Infection Generic Training Package:
This is a comprehensive, evidence-based course for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) and was written for implementation in resource-constrained settings. Available on the site are a participants manual, trainers manual, slides, wall chart and more. From WHO, CDC, and partners. 
http://www.womenchildrenhiv.org/wchiv?page=pi-60-00

Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV in Asia: Practical Guidance for Programs:
This report can be used as a technical resource, a programmatic guide, and a basis for training and policy dialogue and coordination. The report focuses on the five most affected countries in the region--Cambodia, China, India, Myanmar, and Thailand--but presents technical background and lessons learned that are relevant for the rest of the region.
http://www.linkagesproject.org/media/publications/Technical%20Reports/AsiaPMTCT.PDF 

Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Africa: Practical Guidance for Programs:
This USAID paper summarizes current knowledge about MTCT and provides practical guidance for introducing interventions to prevent MTCT in Africa that are safe, affordable, feasible, culturally acceptable, sustainable, and effective in a variety of African settings. Further, this paper may also be used for policy dialogue and coordination of efforts among other partner agencies and NGOs at international, regional, and national levels.  
http://www.linkagesproject.org/media/publications/Technical%20Reports/AsiaPMTCT.PDF

Security and Humanitarian Response, including refugees

Refugees and AIDS: What should the humanitarian community do?: Refugee and AIDS was produced by the Women's Commission for Refugee Women and Children under the auspices of the Inter-agency Working Group on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations, with support from UNHCR and the U.S. State Department. The document was developed to provide user-friendly guidance and mobilize humanitarian actors working in refugee settings to address HIV/AIDS. It aims to stimulate policy makers, managers and implementors to strengthen their response to HIV/AIDS.
http://www.rhrc.org/pdf/aids_refugees.pdf

Reproductive health in refugee situations. An inter-agency field manual: The purposes of the Field Manual are to serve as a tool to facilitate discussion and decision-making in the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of RH interventions; to guide field staff in introducing and/or strengthening RH interventions in refugee situations, based on refugee needs and demands and with full respect for their beliefs and values; and to advocate for a multi-sectoral approach to meeting the RH needs of refugees and to foster coordination among all partners. It includes a chapter on STDs, including HIV/AIDS.
http://www.unfpa.org/emergencies/manual/

Security Council resolution 1308 on HIV/AIDS as a security issue (UN, 2000). 

UNAIDS Websites on HIV and Security / Conflict:
HIV and Security and HIV and Conflict

Guidelines for HIV/AIDS interventions in emergency settings (IASC, 2003).
These guidelines from the Interagency Standing Committee provide step-by-step guidance and checklists for preparation, assessment and implementation of HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment and care in emergency settings, and should be consulted during any emergency planning or response.
http://data.unaids.org/Publications/External-Documents/iasc_guidelines-emergency-settings_en.pdf?preview=true  
For further details, check the website: www.aidsandemergencies.org

Sex Workers and clients

WHO Sex Worker Toolkit (2004): 
The toolkit is intended as a resource to guide the development and implementation of effective HIV interventions in diverse sex work settings. It outlines key steps and issues and provides links to many documents, manuals, reports, and research studies containing more detailed and in-depth information. Each such resource or tool has been annotated to assist readers in deciding whether it is relevant to their particular situations. 
http://who.arvkit.net/sw/en/index.jsp

Human Rights, including elimination of stigma and discrimination

Health & Development Networks (HDN)
HDN has substantial experience in managing and moderating electronic discussion forums and providing communication support to conferences. The mission of HDN is to mobilize a more effective response to HIV/AIDS and other health-and-development-related issues by improving information, communication and the quality of debate. HDN hosts the following e-forums:

http://www.hdnet.org

International Guidelines on HIV and Human Rights, (UNAIDS/OHCHR, 1998) and Revised Guideline 6: Access to prevention, treatment, care and support (2002).  
OHCHR and UNAIDS published the International Guidelines on HIV/AIDS and Human Rights in 1998 as a tool for States in designing, co-ordinating and implementing effective national HIV/AIDS policies and strategies. The Guidelines provide the framework for a rights-based response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic by outlining how human rights standards apply in the context of HIV/AIDS and translating them into practical measures that should be undertaken at the national level. 
http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/hiv/guidelines.htm

HIV-related Stigma, Discrimination and Human Rights Violations, Case Studies of Successful Programmes, (UNAIDS, 2005). 
Provides background information, and describes local programmes that have successfully undertaken actions to help challenge HIV-related stigma and discrimination through stigma-reduction initiatives, anti-discrimination measures, or human rights and legal approaches.
http://data.unaids.org/Publications/IRC-pub06/JC999-HumRightsViol_en.pdf?preview=true

Guidance on Ethics and Equitable Access to HIV Treatment and Care, (WHO/UNAIDS, 2004).
The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on how to achieve progressive realization of the human right to treatment in a manner that respects ethical principles both in substance and process and hence meets the legitimate expectations within each country and proves durable over time.
http://data.unaids.org/Publications/External-Documents/WHO_Ethics-Equity-HIV_en.pdf?preview=true

Research, Care and Treatment

Designing HIV/AIDS Intervention Studies: An Operations Research Handbook:
A Handbook is a resource for HIV/AIDS researchers that can be used in workshops and courses on research design and proposal development. Organized chapter-by-chapter like a proposal, it gives users the tools to develop and write a detailed operations research (OR) proposal. By reviewing many key concepts and methods essential for conducting HIV/AIDS field research studies, the Handbook also helps program administrators and health policymakers understand how OR works and how to use research findings to improve HIV/AIDS service delivery. This website includes the entire Handbook in PDF format.
http://www.popcouncil.org/horizons/orhivaidshndbk.html

HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment:  A Clinical Course for People Caring for Persons Living with HIV/AIDS. Facilitator's Guide. 
The HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Facilitator's Guide presents new knowledge and skills for delivering and organizing clinical care and treatment services for people living with HIV/AIDS. Available to download as one .pdf document (4.10 MB), or by chapters. 
http://www.fhi.org/en/hivaids/pub/guide/careandtreatmentclinicalcourse.htm

Treating HIV & AIDS: A Training Toolkit
From NAM (a UK registered charity) in partnership with Action Aid's ‘Supporting the International Partnership Against AIDS In Africa' programme. The training toolkit is designed to provide basic training on HIV treatment and care for health care workers in resource-limited settings, to support the safe and effective  introduction of antiretroviral therapy. Online toolkit in English, using primarily .pdf and some PowerPoint files.
http://www.nam.org.uk/en/docs/3F5509B5-BC9C-4C63-9AFD-EDA4EEA3B52E.asp

A public health approach for scaling up antiretroviral (ARV) treatment:  A Toolkit for Programme Managers (WHO, 2003).
In English, French and Spanish. Provides practical guidance on planning and implementing ARV treatment programmes in resource-limited settings. 
http://www.who.int/3by5/publications/documents/isbn9241591161/en/index.html